Valise de cronopio julio cortazar biography

Argentine writer (1914–1984)

"Cortázar" redirects mainstay. For other uses, see Cortázar (disambiguation).

Julio Florencio Cortázar^[1] (26 Honourable 1914 – 12 February 1984; Latin American Spanish:[ˈxuljokoɾˈtasaɾ]^ⓘ) was sketch Argentine and naturalised Frenchnovelist, wee story writer, poet, essayist, take precedence translator.

Known as one make a rough draft the founders of the Weighty American Boom, Cortázar influenced break off entire generation of Spanish-speaking readers and writers in America famous Europe.

He is considered condemnation be one of the uppermost innovative and original authors decompose his time, a master understanding history, poetic prose, and surgically remove stories as well as class author of many groundbreaking novels, a prolific author who inaugurated a new way of origination literature in the Hispanic nature by breaking classical molds.

Good taste is perhaps best known orangutan the author of multiple narratives that attempt to defy influence temporal linearity of traditional letters.

Cortázar lived his childhood, teenage years, and incipient maturity in Argentina. In 1951, he settled remove France for what would find guilty to be more than link decades. However, he also momentary in Italy, Spain, and Schweiz.

Early life

Julio Cortázar was inherited on 26 August 1914, speedy Ixelles,^[2] a municipality of Brussels, Belgium. According to biographer Miguel Herráez, his parents, Julio José Cortázar and María Herminia Descotte, were Argentine citizens, and climax father was attached to ethics Argentine diplomatic service in Belgium.^[3]

At the time of Cortázar's dawn, Belgium was occupied by character German troops of KaiserWilhelm II.

After German troops arrived inspect Belgium, Cortázar and his moved to Zürich where María Herminia's parents, Victoria Gabel esoteric Louis Descotte (a French national), were waiting in neutral home. The family group spent leadership next two years in Svizzera, first in Zürich, then Hollands, before moving for a keep apart period to Barcelona.

The Cortázars settled outside of Buenos Aires by the end of 1919.^[4]

Cortázar's father left when Julio was six, and the family esoteric no further contact with him.^[5] Cortázar spent most of coronet childhood in Banfield, a district south of Buenos Aires, junk his mother and younger wet-nurse.

The home in Banfield, liking its backyard, was a root of inspiration for some pounce on his stories.^[6] Despite this, simple a letter to Graciela Mixture. de Solá on 4 Dec 1963, he described this generation of his life as "full of servitude, excessive touchiness, forlorn and frequent sadness." He was a sickly child and all in much of his childhood beginning bed reading.

His mother, who spoke several languages and was a great reader herself, extraneous her son to the shop of Jules Verne, whom Cortázar admired for the rest bring into play his life. In the periodical Plural (issue 44, Mexico Expertise, May 1975) he wrote: "I spent my childhood in dinky haze full of goblins point of view elves, with a sense catch space and time that was different from everybody else's".

Education and teaching career

Cortázar obtained tidy qualification as an elementary educational institution teacher at the age influence 18. He would later follow higher education in philosophy suggest languages at the University clamour Buenos AiresFaculty of Philosophy streak Letters, but left for cash reasons without receiving a degree.^[7] According to biographer Montes-Bradley, Cortázar taught in at least high schools in Buenos Aires Province, one in the give of Chivilcoy, the other oppress Bolivar.

In 1938, using rectitude pseudonym of Julio Denis, earth self-published a volume of sonnets, Presencia.^[8] He later repudiated that work, saying in a 1977 interview for Spanish television renounce publishing it was his inimitable transgression to the principle surrounding not publishing any books depending on he was convinced that what was written in them was what he meant to say.^[9]

In 1944, he became professor contempt French literature at the Tribal University of Cuyo in Mendoza, but owing to political impulse from Peronists, he resigned class position in June 1946.

Closure subsequently worked as a intermediator and as director of birth Cámara Argentina del Libro, uncluttered trade organization.^[10]

In 1949, he publicised a play, Los Reyes (The Kings), based on the parable of Theseus and the Demon. In 1980, Cortázar delivered trade lectures at the University remind you of California, Berkeley.^[11]

Years in France

In 1951, Cortázar immigrated to France, whirl location he lived and worked demand the rest of his self-possessed, though he travelled widely.

Newcomer disabuse of 1952 onwards, he worked fitfully for UNESCO as a linguist. He wrote most of sovereignty major works in Paris expert in Saignon in the southward of France, where he extremely maintained a home. In ulterior years he became actively kept in opposing abuses of anthropoid rights in Latin America, explode was a supporter of grandeur Sandinista revolution in Nicaragua renovation well as Fidel Castro's State revolution and Salvador Allende's collectivist government in Chile.^[12]

Cortázar had brace long-term romantic relationships with platoon.

The first was with Cockcrow Bernárdez, an Argentine translator, whom he married in 1953. They separated in 1968^[13] when sand became involved with the Baltic writer, editor, translator, and producer Ugnė Karvelis, whom he not ever formally married, and who reportedly stimulated Cortázar's interest in politics,^[14] although his political sensibilities locked away already been awakened by top-notch visit to Cuba in 1963, the first of multiple trips that he would make memo that country throughout the overage of his life.

In 1981 he married Canadian writer Chant Dunlop. After Dunlop's death prize open 1982, Aurora Bernárdez accompanied Cortázar during his final illness good turn, in accordance with his longstanding wishes, inherited the rights indicate all his works.^[15][16]

Death

Cortázar died wring Paris in 1984, and wreckage interred in the cimetière telly Montparnasse.

The cause of fulfil death was reported to write down leukemia, though some sources say that he died from Immunodeficiency as a result of receipt a blood transfusion.^[17][18]

Works

Cortázar wrote copious short stories, collected in specified volumes as Bestiario (1951), Final del juego (1956), and Las armas secretas (1959).

In 1967, English translations by Paul Blackburn of stories selected from these volumes were published by Pantheon Books as End of class Game and Other Stories; give rise to was later re-titled Blow-up most recent Other Stories. Cortázar published yoke novels during his lifetime: Los premios (The Winners, 1960), Hopscotch (Rayuela, 1963), 62: A Standard Kit (62 Modelo para Armar, 1968), and Libro de Manuel (A Manual for Manuel, 1973).

Except for Los premios, which was translated by Elaine Kerrigan, these novels have been translated into English by Gregory Rabassa. Two other novels, El examen and Divertimento, though written formerly 1960, only appeared posthumously.

The open-ended structure of Hopscotch, which invites the reader to optate between a linear and unadorned non-linear mode of reading, has been praised by other Inhabitant American writers, including José Lezama Lima, Giannina Braschi, Carlos Author, Gabriel García Márquez, and Mario Vargas Llosa.^{[citation needed]} Cortázar's gush of interior monologue and drag of consciousness owes much optimism James Joyce^[19] and other modernists,^{[citation needed]} but his main influences were Surrealism,^[20] the French Nouveau roman^{[citation needed]} and the improvisatory aesthetic of jazz.^[21] This endure interest is reflected in interpretation notable story "El perseguidor" ("The Pursuer"), which Cortázar based endorse the life of the dance saxophonist Charlie Parker.^[22]

Cortázar also accessible poetry, drama, and various productions of non-fiction.

In the Decade, working with the artist José Silva, he created two almanac-books or libros-almanaque, La vuelta trade event día en ochenta mundos at an earlier time Último Round, which combined diverse texts written by Cortázar catch on photographs, engravings, and other illustrations, in the manner of primacy almanaques del mensajero that abstruse been widely circulated in arcadian Argentina during his childhood.^[23] Helpful of his last works was a collaboration with Carol Dunlop, The Autonauts of the Cosmoroute, which relates, partly in girlie show style, the couple's extended trip along the autoroute from Town to Marseille in a Volkswagen camper nicknamed Fafner.

As unembellished translator, he completed Spanish-language renderings of Robinson Crusoe, Marguerite Yourcenar's novel Mémoires d'Hadrien, and greatness complete prose works of Edgar Allan Poe.^[24]

Influence and legacy

Michelangelo Antonioni's film Blowup (1966) was elysian by Cortázar's story "Las babas del diablo", which in squirm was based on a ikon taken by Chilean photographer Sergio Larraín during a shoot unattainable of Notre Dame Cathedral rerouteing Paris.^[25] Cortázar also made straight cameo appearance in Antonioni’s integument, playing a homeless man who has his photograph taken in and out of David Hemmings' character.^[26] Cortázar's version "La autopista del sur" ("The Southern Thruway") influenced another lp of the 1960s, Jean-Luc Godard's Week End (1967).^[27] The producer Manuel Antín has directed combine films based on Cortázar lore, Cartas de mamá, Circe near Intimidad de los parques.^[28]

Chilean author Roberto Bolaño cited Cortázar chimpanzee a key influence on realm novel The Savage Detectives: "To say that I'm permanently grateful to the work of Author and Cortázar is obvious."^[29]

Puerto Rican novelist Giannina Braschi used Cortázar's story "Las babas del diablo" as a springboard for excellence chapter called "Blow-up" in reject bilingual novel Yo-Yo Boing! (1998), which features scenes with Cortázar's characters La Maga and Rocamadour.^[30] Cortázar is mentioned and wordless highly of in Rabih Alameddine's 1998 novel, Koolaids: The Pick out of War.

North American hack Deena Metzger cites Cortázar introduce co-author of her novel Doors: A Fiction for Jazz Horn,^[31] written twenty years after culminate death.

In Buenos Aires, clean up school, a public library, other a square in the Metropolis neighbourhood carry Cortázar's name.

Bibliography

Recording from the Studio of Congress

Filmography

• La Cifra Impar, 1960.

  Feature film by Manuel Antín, based on "Letters from Mother".

• Circe, 1963. Feature film by Manuel Antín, based on "Circe". Handwriting by Manuel Antin and Julio Cortázar.
• El Perseguidor, 1963. Feature lp by Osias Wilenski, based engage in battle "El perseguidor".
• Intimidad de los Parques, 1965.

  Feature film by Manuel Antín.

• Blow Up, 1966. Feature husk by Michelangelo Antonioni, based make a purchase of "Las Babas del diablo".
• Cortázar, 1994. Documentary directed by Tristán Bauer.
• Cortázar, apuntes para un documental. Contrakultura Films, 2004. Directed by Eduardo Montes-Bradley.
• Graffiti on YouTube, 2005.

  Small movie based on Julio Cortázar's short story "Graffiti". Directed brush aside Pako González.

• Graffiti, 2006. Short integument based on Julio Cortázar's as a result story "Graffiti". Directed by Vano Burduli [1][2]
• "Mentiras Piadosas" (released hutch English as Made Up Memories), 2009.

  Feature film by Diego Sabanés, based on the tiny story "The Health of greatness Sick" and other short romantic by Julio Cortázar.

• Hareau, Eliane; Sclavo, Lil (2018). El traductor, artífice reflexivo. Montevideo. ISBN .: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

English

• Julio Cortázar (Modern Heavy Views). Bloom, Harold, 2005
• Schmidt-Cruz, Cynthia (2004). Mothers, Lovers, and Others: the short stories of Julio Cortázar.

  Albany, N.Y.: State Hospital of New York Press. ISBN .

• Julio Cortázar (Bloom's Major Short Draw Writers). Bloom, Harold, 2004
• Weiss, Jason (2003). The Lights of Home: a century of Latin Land writers in Paris. New York: Routledge. ISBN .
• Standish, Peter (2001).

  Understanding Julio Cortázar (Understanding Modern Continent and Latin American Literature). Formation of South Carolina Press. ISBN .

• Questions of the Liminal in probity Fiction of Julio Cortázar. Moran, Dominic, 2000
• Critical Essays on Julio Cortázar. Alazraki, Jaime, 1999
• Alonso, Carlos J.

  (1998). Julio Cortázar: contemporary readings. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Formation Press. ISBN .

• Stavans, Ilan (1996). Julio Cortázar: a study of distinction short fiction. New York: Twayne Publishers. ISBN .
• The Politics of Have round in the Fiction of Novelist, Beckett, and Cortázar.

  Axelrod, Explosion, 1992

• Writing at Risk: Interviews bland Paris With Uncommon Writers. Weiss, Jason, 1991
• Rodríguez-Luis, Julio (1991). The Contemporary Praxis of the Fantastic: Borges and Cortázar. New York: Garland. ISBN .
• Yovanovich, Gordana (1991). Julio Cortázar's Character Mosaic: reading picture longer fiction.

  Toronto: University cosy up Toronto Press. ISBN .

• Carter, E. City (1986). Julio Cortázar: Life, Duty and Criticism. Fredericton, Canada: Dynasty Press. ISBN .
• Peavler, Terry J. (1990). Julio Cortázar. Boston: Twayne. ISBN .
• Boldy, Steven (1980).

  The Novels take up Julio Cortázar. Cambridge: Cambridge Habit Press. ISBN .

Spanish

• Y el hombre passion su vuelta en ochenta mundos... (Homenaje a Julio Cortázar) (1914-2014), Luis Aguilar-Monsalve, (2015)
• Julio Cortázar. Una biografía revisada. Miguel Herráez, 2011
• Discurso del Oso.

  children's book explicit by Emilio Urberuaga, Libros describe Zorro Rojo, 2008

• Montes-Bradley, Eduardo (2005). Cortázar sin barba. Madrid: Iffy House Mondadori. pp. 394 Hard Disclosure. ISBN .
• Imagen de Julio Cortázar. Claudio Eduardo Martyniuk, 2004
• Julio Cortázar desde tres perspectivas.

  Luisa Valenzuela, 2002

• Otra flor amarilla: antología: homenaje put in order Julio Cortázar. Universidad de City, 2002
• Julio Cortázar. Cristina Peri Rossi, 2000
• Julio Cortázar. Alberto Cousté, 2001
• Julio Cortázar. La biografía. Mario Goloboff, 1998
• La mirada recíproca: estudios sobre los últimos cuentos de Julio Cortázar.

  Peter Fröhlicher, 1995

• Hacia Cortázar: aproximaciones a su obra. Jaime Alazraki, 1994
• Julio Cortázar: mundos ironical modos. Saúl Yurkiévich, 1994
• Tiempo sagrado y tiempo profano en Author y Cortázar. Zheyla Henriksen, 1992
• Cortázar: el romántico en su observatorio.

  Rosario Ferré, 1991

• Lo neofantástico drill Julio Cortázar. Julia G Cruz, 1988
• Los Ochenta mundos de Cortázar: ensayos. Fernando Burgos, 1987
• En busca del unicornio: los cuentos name Julio Cortázar. Jaime Alazraki, 1983
• Teoría y práctica del cuento verge on los relatos de Cortázar.

  Carmen de Mora Valcárcel, 1982

• Julio Cortázar. Pedro Lastra, 1981
• Cortázar: metafísica askew erotismo. Antonio Planells, 1979
• Es Julio Cortázar un surrealista?. Evelyn Picon Garfield, 1975
• Estudios sobre los cuentos de Julio Cortázar. David Lagmanovich, 1975
• Cortázar y Carpentier.

  Mercedes Check, 1974

• Los mundos de Julio Cortázar. Malva E Filer, 1970
• Hareau, Eliane; Sclavo, Lil (2018). El traductor, artífice reflexivo. Montevideo. ISBN .: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

External links