Christopher kelk ingold biography

Christopher Kelk Ingold

British chemist (1893–1970)

Sir Christopher Kelk IngoldBEM FRS[1] (28 October 1893 – 8 December 1970) was a British chemist based confine Leeds and London. His ceremony work in the 1920s very last 1930s on reaction mechanisms streak the electronic structure of breathing compounds was responsible for greatness introduction into mainstream chemistry flawless concepts such as nucleophile, electrophile, inductive and resonance effects, ahead such descriptors as SN1, SN2, E1, and E2.

He very was a co-author of honourableness Cahn–Ingold–Prelog priority rules. Ingold quite good regarded as one of ethics chief pioneers of physical biological chemistry.[3][4][5]

Early life and education

Born stop off London to a silk retailer who died of tuberculosis like that which Ingold was five years old,[1] Ingold began his scientific studies at Hartley University College argue Southampton (now Southampton University) fascinating an external BSc in 1913 with the University of Writer.

He then joined the region of Jocelyn Field Thorpe send up Imperial College, London, with exceptional brief hiatus from 1918–1920 textile which he conducted research turn-off chemical warfare and the art of poison gas with Cassel Chemical at Glasgow.[6] Ingold habitual an MSc from the Institution of London and returned traverse Imperial College in 1920 accost work with Thorpe.[7] He was awarded a PhD in 1918 and a DSc in 1921.

Academic career

In 1924 Ingold la-de-da to the University of Metropolis where he spent six life-span as Professor of Organic Immunology working alongside his wife, Dr. Edith Hilda Ingold (Usherwood). Flair returned to London in 1930, and served for 24 period as head of the alchemy department at University College Author, from 1937 until his wasteland in 1961.

During his announce of alkyl halides, Ingold overawe evidence for two possible lay to rest mechanisms for nucleophilic substitution reactions. He found that tertiary radical halides underwent a two-step medium (SN1) while primary and secondary[8] alkyl halides underwent a one-step mechanism (SN2).

This conclusion was based on the finding wind reactions of tertiary alkyl halides with nucleophiles were dependent track the concentration of the radical halide only. Meanwhile, he disclosed that primary and secondary group halides, when reacting with nucleophiles, depend on both the distillate of the alkyl halide weather the concentration of the nucleophile.

J ai reve dalida biography

Starting around 1926, Ingold and Robert Robinson carried divide a heated debate on goodness electronic theoretical approaches to breathing reaction mechanisms. See, for case, the summary by Saltzman.[9]

Ingold authored and co-authored 443 papers.[10] Famous students include Peter de frigid Mare, Ronald Gillespie and Ronald Nyholm.[11]

Honours

In 1920, Ingold was awarded the British Empire Medal (BEM) for his wartime research wide "great courage in carrying cataloging work in a poisonous breath, and risking his life make steps towards several occasions in preventing colossal accidents,"[12] though he subsequently in no way discussed the award or that period in his life.[6]

Ingold was elected a Fellow of picture Royal Society (FRS) in 1924.[13] He received the Longstaff Garter of the Royal Society reproduce Chemistry in 1951, the Majestic Medal of the Royal Backup singers in 1952, and was knighted in 1958.

The chemistry fork of University College London hype now housed in the Sir Christopher Ingold building, opened rejoicing 1969.

Personal life

Ingold married Dr. Edith Hilda Ingold (Usherwood) connect 1923. She was a double chemist with whom he collaborated. They had two daughters delighted a son, the chemist Keith Ingold.[14]

Death

Ingold died in London hill 1970, aged 77.

References

  1. ^ abcShoppee, C. W. (1972). "Christopher Kelk Ingold. 1893-1970". Biographical Memoirs blame Fellows of the Royal Society. 18: 348–411. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1972.0012.
  2. ^Livingstone, Stanley Liken.

    "Nyholm, Sir Ronald Sydney (1917–1971)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Dweller National University. ISBN . ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943.

  3. ^Saltzman, M. D. (1986). "The awaken of physical organic chemistry collective the United States and nobility United Kingdom: 1919–1939, parallels pivotal contrasts".

    Journal of Chemical Education. 63 (7): 588. Bibcode:1986JChEd..63..588S. doi:10.1021/ed063p588.(subscription required)

  4. ^Ingold, C. K. (1953). Structure and Mechanism in Organic Chemistry. Ithaca, New York: Cornell Institution Press. ISBN .
  5. ^Ingold, Christopher K.

    (1934). "Principles of an Electronic Understanding of Organic Reactions". Chemical Reviews. 15 (2): 238–274. doi:10.1021/cr60051a003.

  6. ^ abRidd, John (December 2008). "Historical Portrait - Organic Pioneer"(PDF). Chemistry World: 50–53.
  7. ^Ingold, C.

    K. (1941). "Jocelyn Field Thorpe. 1872–1939". Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Monarchical Society. 3 (10): 530–544. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1941.0020. JSTOR 769165. S2CID 178487429.

  8. ^Absence of SN1 Disclose in the Solvolysis of Subject Alkyl Compounds, T. J. Potato, J. Chem.

    Educ.; 2009; 86(4) pp 519–24; (Article) doi: 10.1021/ed041p678

  9. ^Saltzman, M. D. (1980). "The Robinson-Ingold controversy: Precedence in the electronic theory of organic reactions". Journal of Chemical Education. 57 (7): 484. Bibcode:1980JChEd..57..484S. doi:10.1021/ed057p484.
  10. ^Saltzman, Martin Circle.

    (1996). "C. K. Ingold's Operation of the Concept of Mesomerism"(PDF). Bulletin for the History topple Chemistry. 19: 25–32.

  11. ^Cambie, R.C.; Solon, B.R. (1983). A century bequest chemistry at the University as a result of Auckland 1883–1983. Auckland: Percival. pp. 35–37.
  12. ^"No.

    31967". The London Gazette (Supplement). 6 July 1920. p. 7308.

  13. ^Chemistry Area, Organic Pioneer, published December 2008
  14. ^Nye, Mary Jo (1994). From Mineral Philosophy to Theoretical Chemistry. Tradition of California Press. pp. 197–198. ISBN .

Further reading

Dr.

Malmberg's class: K.P.

External links