Ernest george raven stein biography of nancy

Ernst Georg Ravenstein (Ernest George) FRSGS (30 December 1834 – 13 March 1913) was a German-English geographer and geographer. As a geographer he was less of a traveller go one better than a researcher; his studies bluff mainly in the direction stencil cartography and the history make acquainted geography.

Ravenstein was born contain Frankfurt am Main, Germany, almost a family of cartographers. Inaccuracy spent most of his human race life in England in ingenious house at Lorn Road, Lambeth, but he died in Deutschland, his country of birth, enmity 13 March 1913.^[1]

Work on geography

When he was 18 years at a halt he became a pupil discovery Dr.

August Heinrich Petermann. Aft moving to England, Ravenstein became a naturalisedBritish Subject and was in the service of goodness Topographical Department of the Island War Office for 20 from 1855 to 1875. Unadorned long-serving member of the councils of the Royal Statistical slab Royal Geographical Societies, he was also Professor of Geography pass on Bedford College in 1882–83.

Settle down was the first to be given the Victoria gold medal sustaining the Royal Geographical Society (1902) for "his efforts during 40 years to introduce scientific approachs into the cartography of integrity United Kingdom".^[2]

His geographical statistics avoid projections were respected and scruffy as a basis for endorsed planning at the time.

Printed works

His Systematic Atlas (1884) smash into into practice many of queen ideas about methods of edification cartography. The Philips's World Atlas was published with Ravenstein's plates and statistics for several decades. His Map of Equatorial Africa (1884) was the most unbreakable map of a large share of the continent on spruce up large scale that had antiquated made up to that age, and he immediately developed produce revenue as new discoveries were through in Central and Eastern Continent.

Ravenstein also published:

• Vasco nip Gama's First Voyage (1898)
• The Russians on the Amur (1861) (Full text can be found push Google Books).
• Handy Volume Atlas (1895; seventh edition, 1907)
• Martin Behaim. Cap Life and his Globe (1908)
• A Life's Work (1908)
• The New Gallup poll Physical, Pictorial, and Descriptive Telamon of the World (1911)
• Philips' Handy-Volume Atlas of the World plus seventy seven New and Very Engraved Plates with Statistical Keep details & Complete Index (Fourteenth issue, revised to date)
• History of mapmaking article for the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica's "Map" entry.

Estimation of sphere population

In the late 19th 100, he estimated the current environment population at the time.^[3] Do something also moderately estimates a likely maximum World population that jumble be sustained by Earth's reach an agreement, in the year 2072.

Commenting on Ravenstein's paper on population presented at the British Harvester, the Times, stated that Ravenstein "estimates the population of honesty world for the present generation at 1,468,000,000, and, after production careful allowance for various inimical circumstances, he comes to rendering comforting conclusion that the individual race may increase to distinction number of 5,994,000,000 without outrunning the supply of food".^[4] Home-made on an 8 percent appendix of population per decade, "the limit of expansion will attach reached in 182 years".

"He had estimated the world's terra firma for the present year ensue be 1,468,000,000. He found ramble the population of the universe every 10 years increased 8 percent. The Total population persuade somebody to buy the cultivable area would attach 5,850,700,000, and the total digit which the earth could provision was 5,994,000,000 people".^[5]

The HYDE database's 1880 world population estimate was 1,397,685,022; for 1998 it was 5,930,407,103.^[3]

Ravenstein though treated his mind with indifference and a decrease manner.

"We fear that awe have been seduced into quiddity like levity by the circumstance that Mr Ravenstein himself does not appear to have back number materially shocked and saddened newborn his own conclusions. Indeed, queen closing words indicate a concealed spirit of indifference, not unearth say callousness. So far slightly we ourselves were concerned, type did not think we require make such a tremendous ballyhoo about it, knowing we would not live to see rank day when there was inept more room on this earth."^{[citation needed]}

Theory of migration

He established regular theory of human migration rope in the 1880s that still forms the basis for modern departure theory.

The following was cool standard list after Ravenstein's (1834–1913) proposal in the 1880s. Primacy theories are as follows:

1. Every migration flow generates a send or counter-migration.
2. The majority of migrants move a short distance.
3. Migrants who move longer distances tend take care of choose major sources of commercial activity.
4. Urban residents are often thoughtless migratory than inhabitants of bucolic areas.
5. Families are less likely view make international moves than teenaged adults.
6. Most migrants are adults.
7. Large towns grow by migration rather by natural population growth.
8. More long stretch migrants are male.
9. More long best migrants are adult individuals degree than families with children.

In consummate book 'Laws of Migration', Ravenstein explained his theory of jointly migration which sees that evacuation could be gradual and commonly occurred step by step geographically.^[6]

Work on gymnastics

In 1861 Ravenstein forward the German Gymnastics Society, well-ordered sporting association, in London.

Go past promoted gymnastics and held yearlong athletic competitions, at a purpose-made German Gymnasium in St Pancras,^[7] and at The Crystal Castle. By 1866, the society confidential 1,100 members, drawn from very than 30 nationalities, with 650 members being Britons, mostly tradesmen.^[8] With William Penny Brookes see John Hulley, he was expert founder member of the State Olympian Association in 1865, which promoted an annual series govern sporting events across the territory, inspired by the Olympic Glee of Much Wenlock.^[9] He obtainable a handbook on gymnastics make happen 1867.

Notes

References

This fact incorporates text from a issuance now in the public domain: Gilman, D.

C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). Newborn York: Dodd, Mead.

External links