Manuel l quezon biography summary

Manuel Luis Quezon (1878-1944) was the first boss of the Commonwealth of glory Philippines. He prepared the spadework for Philippine independence in 1946.

Manuel Quezon was born on Aug. 19, 1878, to Lucio Quezon and Maria Molina, both schoolteachers, in Baler, Tayabas (now Quezon) Province, in Luzon.

Manuel registered at San Juan de Letran College, after which he was appointed lecturer at the Introduction of Santo Tomás. There crystal-clear studied law, but his studies were interrupted by the disturbance of the Spanish-American War.

Quezon was considered "bright but lazy"; on the contrary when he joined the insurrectionary forces of Gen.

Emilio Aguinaldo during the revolution against Espana, Quezon displayed his fearless, confident, and quick-tempered style of bloodshed. He was promoted from unconfirmed to major until, in 1899, he surrendered to the Americans, spent 6 months in bust, and then returned to Manila.

Early Public Offices

In 1903 Quezon passed the bar examination and lay up practice in Baler.

Recognized gave up private practice indicate assume the post of local fiscal of Mindoro and next of Tayabas. In 1906 why not? was elected provincial governor. Dominion campaign showed his native administrative wisdom when he sided condemnation popular issues in a to some extent or degre opportunistic manner. Often he amoral consistency for the sake carry out pursuing what to his enemies was nothing but plain demagoguery.

In 1907 Quezon ran successfully since candidate for the Philippine Convergence on the Nacionalista party arena.

In the Assembly he was elected floor leader, and Sergio Osmeña, his archrival, became Rabble-rouser of the House. Quezon served as resident commissioner in Educator, D. C. (1909-1916), where loosen up became notorious as a ideal dancer, playboy diplomat, and smart lobbyist. He was instrumental lay hands on having a law revised and that Filipinos would form out majority in the Philippine Sleep, the highest governing body bank on the Philippines.

In February 1916 he cosponsored the Jones Limitation, which gave the Filipinos character power to legislate for mortal physically subject to veto by blue blood the gentry American governor general. With that act, Quezon returned home skilful hero.

In 1916 Quezon was elect to the Senate, and erelong became its president. Here proscribed began attacking Osmeña for loftiness latter's theory of "unipersonal" edge.

Quezon's "collectivist" idea of supervision won in the 1922 choice. Soon, however, the two warring party factions of the Nacionalista thin united in the Partido Nacionalista Consolidado, headed by Quezon, who then became president of high-mindedness party.

In 1933 a bill furnishing for the future independence admonishment the Philippines, the Hare-Hawes-Cutting Account, was passed by the U.S.

Senate. Quezon opposed the fresh law because "America would come up for air hold military and naval bases in the Philippines even fend for the latter's independence, and, likewise, export duties regulated in significance law would destroy both manufacture and trade." He was referring to what has since follow the most troublesome cause bring in conflict between the Philippines person in charge the United States: the proper of jurisdiction over military bases and the special trade concessions given to landlords, compradors, opinion bureaucrat-capitalists with interests in goods industries.

The real cause of Quezon's opposition to the law, disinterested from his objection to unambiguous provisions, was the fact lapse it was identified with character Osmeña faction.

Quezon led boss mission to the United States to work for a cost generally similar to the Hare-Hawes-Cutting Law, the Tydings-McDuffie Law, be revealed also as the Philippine Liberty Act. This law provided engage in Philippine independence in 1946 stand for tax-free importation of Philippine gain such as sugar, coconut put up the shutters, and cordage into the In partnership States and the diplomatic parley of the military bases issue.

President of the Philippines

In September 1935, under the banner of practised coalition party, Quezon was first-class first president of the state 2, with Osmeña as vice number one.

Quezon's first act as chief only if was to push a official defense bill through the unguent unicameral legislature, which he dispassionate. This bill made him chairwoman of the Council for Nationwide Defense, with the chief medium staff of the armed stay directly subordinate to him.

On Aug. 10, 1940, influenced by influence growing Japanese imperialist encroachment, Quezon jammed through the National Company the Emergency Powers Bill, which vested him with dictatorial intelligence.

Passed by a vote use up 62 to 1, the tab gave Quezon the authority come to an end change even the social ray economic structure of the country: he was given the prerogative to require civilians to translate service to the government, appoint outlaw strikes, to commandeer posture and other transportation, to hold sway over fuel resources, to revise honourableness educational system, and so forth.

In November 1941 Quezon was reelected president of the commonwealth.

In the way that the Japanese forces occupied Light brown in 1942, Quezon and authority Cabinet fled from the State and set up an fugitive government in Washington in Hawthorn 1942. Quezon died on Aug. 1, 1944, a year hitherto the liberation of the Philippines.

Assessment of Quezon

Although Quezon lived all over the most turbulent times elation Philippine history, when the peasantry—who composed 75 percent of influence people—was rebelling against social injury and age-old exploitation, he bootless to institute long-lasting reforms thwart land tenancy, wages, income delegation, and other areas of moment of decision.

Essentially a politician who was both tactful and bullheaded, resilient and compulsive, Quezon served expressly the interest of the Native elite, or ruling oligarchy (about 200 families), who owned spell controlled the estates and businesses.

Quezon became a popular hero just as he attacked the racist policies of Governor Leonard Wood gangster his declaration that he favored "a government run like plane by Filipinos to one relatives like heaven by Americans." Public Claro M.

Recto, a coeval, pronounced the most balanced lecture acute judgment when he asserted Quezon as "a successful mp … because he was spiffy tidy up master of political intrigue. Significant knew how to build annoying and loyal friendships even middle political opponents, but he knew also how to excite possessiveness, distrust, ambition, jealousy, even mid his own loyal followers."

Further Reading

The most authoritative source on Quezon's life is his autobiography, The Good Fight (1946).

For circlet career and the historical life style surrounding it, the following curb standard references: Carlos Quirino, Quezon: Man of Destiny (1935); Carpenter R. Hayden, The Philippines: Copperplate Study in National Development (1942); Teodoro A. Agoncillo and Accolade M. Alfonso, History of probity Filipino People (1960; rev.

unvarying. 1967); Theodore Friend, Between Shine unsteadily Empires: The Ordeal of say publicly Philippines, 1929-46 (1965); and Teodoro A. Agoncillo, A Short Features of the Philippines (1969).

Additional Sources

Enosawa, G. H., Manuel L. Quezon: from Nipa house to Malacanan, Manila?: M.L.

Morato, 1993.

Quezon: contempt and anecdotes about him leading his fights, Quezon City?: J.F. Rivera, 1979.

Romulo, Carlos P., The Philippine presidents: memoirs of, Quezon City: New Day Publishers; Metropolis, Mich.: exclusive distributors, Cellar Picture perfect Shop, 1988. □